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"Colmar (French: Colmar, pronounced: [kɔlmaʁ]; Alsatian: Colmer [ˈkolməʁ]; German: Colmar, between 1940-1945 under Nazi rule: Kolmar) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.
It is the capital of the department. Colmar is also the seat of the highest jurisdiction in Alsace, the appellate court.
It is situated along the Alsatian Wine Route and considers itself to be the "Capital of Alsatian Wine" (capitale des vins d'Alsace).
In 2006, the city of Colmar had a population of 65,713[1] and the metropolitan area of Colmar had a population of 120,367.Colmar is the center of the arrondissement of Colmar, which has 144,700 inhabitants in 2006.
Colmar is the home town of the painter and engraver Martin Schongauer and the sculptor Frédéric Bartholdi, who designed the Statue of Liberty. The city is renowned for its well preserved old town, its numerous architectural landmarks and its museums, among which the Unterlinden Museum.
Mostly spared by the destructions of the French Revolution and the wars of 1870-1871, 1914-1918 and 1939-1945, the cityscape of old-town Colmar is homogenous and renowned among tourists. The area crossed by canals of the river Lauch, and which formerly served as the butcher's, tanner's and fishmonger's quarter, is now called "little Venice" (la Petite Venise). Colmar's cityscape (and neighbouring Riquewihr's) served for the design of the Japanese animated film Howl's Moving Castle.
Colmar's secular and religious architectural landmarks reflect eight centuries of Germanic and French architecture and the adaptation of their respective stylistic language to the local customs and building materials (pink and yellow Vosges sandstone, timber framing).
Maison Adolph - 14th century (German Gothic)
Koifhus, also known as Ancienne Douane - 1480 (German Gothic)
Maison Pfister - 1537 (German Renaissance).
Ancien Corps de garde - 1575 (German Renaissance)
Maison des Chevaliers de Saint-Jean - 1608 (German Renaissance)
Maison des Têtes - 1609 (German Renaissance)
Poêle des laboureurs - 1626 (German Baroque)
Ancien Hôpital - 1744 (French Classicism)
Tribunal de grande instance - 1771 (French Classicism)
Hôtel de ville - 1790 (French Classicism)
Théâtre municipal - 1849 (French Neoclassicism)
Marché couvert - 1865 (French Neo-Baroque). The city's covered market, built in stone, bricks and cast iron, still serves today.
Préfecture - 1866 (French Neo-Baroque)
Water tower - 1886. Oldest still preserved water tower in Alsace. Out of use since 1984.
Gare SNCF - 1905 (German Neo-Baroque)
Cour d'appel - 1906 (German Neo-Baroque)
Église Saint-Martin - 1234-1365. The largest church of Colmar and one of the largest in Haut-Rhin. Displays some early stained glass windows, several Gothic and Renaissance sculptures and altars, a grand Baroque organ case. The choir is surrounded by an ambulatory opening on a series of Gothic chapels, a unique feature in Alsacian churches.
Église des Dominicains - 1289-1364. Now disaffected as a church, displays Martin Schongauer's masterwork La Vierge au buisson de roses as well as 14th century stained glass windows and baroque choir stalls.
Église Saint-Matthieu - 13th century. Gothic and Renaissance stained glass windows and mural paintings, as well as a wooden and painted ceiling.
Chapelle Saint-Pierre - 1742-1750. Classicist chapel of a former Jesuit college.
Synagogue - 1843 (Neoclassicism)
Fontaine de l'Amiral Bruat - 1864 (Statue by Bartholdi)
Fontaine Roeselmann - 1888 (Statue by Bartholdi)
Fontaine Schwendi - 1898 (Statue by Bartholdi)
Monument du Général Rapp - 1856 (first shown 1855 in Paris. Statue by Bartholdi, his earliest major work)
Monument Hirn - 1894 (Statue by Bartholdi)
Statue "Les grands soutiens du monde" − 1902 (in the courtyard of the Bartholdi Museum)
Unterlinden Museum - one of the main museums in Alsace. Displays the Isenheim Altarpiece, a large collection of medieval, Renaissance and baroque Upper-Rhenish paintings and sculptures, archeological artefacts, design and international modern art.
Musée Bartholdi - the birthplace of Frédéric Bartholdi shows his life and work through paintings, drawings, family objects and furniture as well as numerous plaster, metal and stone sculptures. A section of the museum is further dedicated to the local Jewish community's heritage.
Musée d'histoire naturelle et d'ethnographie - the zoological and ethnographical museum of Colmar was founded in 1859. Besides a large collection of stuffed animals and artefacts from former French and German colonies in Africa and Polynesia, it also houses a collection of ancient Egyptian items.
Musée du jouet - the town's toy museum, founded 1993
Musée des usines municipales - industrial and technological museum in a former factory, dedicated to the history of everyday technology.
The Municipal Library of Colmar (Bibliothèque municipale de Colmar) owns one of the richest collections of incunabula in France, with over 2,300 volumes. This is quite an exceptional number for a city that is neither the main seat of a university, nor of a college, and has its explanation in the disowning of local monasteries, abbeys and convents during the French Revolution and the subsequent gift of their collections to the town."